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Australia is home to some of the world's most venomous snakes, and for those exploring the bush, encountering one is a real possibility. While the chances of a snake bite may be low, knowing how to respond can mean the difference between life and death. Each year, around 3,000 snake bites are reported in Australia, with several leading to serious health issues or fatalities. Understanding how to treat a snake bite is crucial, particularly when far from immediate medical help.

Recognising a snake bite

What to look for

Recognising a snake bite quickly is the first step in responding effectively. Snake bites may not always be immediately painful or obvious, especially if the snake’s fangs are small or it was a “dry bite” (no venom injected).Look for two puncture marks, bruising, swelling, or redness around the bite site. Symptoms may also include nausea, dizziness, blurred vision, or difficulty breathing. In some cases, symptoms can be delayed, so observing any sudden changes in the victim’s condition is critical.

Don’t waste time searching for the snake

If a bite occurs, it’s essential not to spend time trying to locate the snake. Although identifying the species can assist with treatment, emergency responders in Australia are equipped to administer the correct antivenom regardless. Early recognition and prompt action give the victim the best chance of recovery.

Immediate first aid steps

If someone (or yourself) has been bitten by a snake, follow these steps immediately to give the best chance of recovery:

1. Reassure the victim to keep them calm, reducing heart rate and slowing the spread of venom.

2. Call emergency services (000) immediately for assistance.

3. Keep the limb as still as possible to minimise the movement of venom.

4. Apply the Pressure Immobilisation Technique (PIT) by wrapping a bandage tightly around the bite site, extending up the limb.

5. Immobilise the affected limb with a splint to prevent movement.

The pressure immobilisation technique in detail

The Pressure Immobilisation Technique (PIT) is the recommended first aid method for most Australian snake bites. This method helps restrict venom from moving through the lymphatic system, buying precious time for the victim.To apply PIT:

1. Wrap a broad pressure bandage: Begin just above the bite site, wrapping downwards and then back up to cover the limb fully.

2. Ensure firm pressure without cutting off blood flow: The bandage should be tight enough to slow venom spread but not so tight that it cuts off circulation. You should be able to slide a finger under the bandage.

3. Keep the limb immobile: Once the bandage is applied, use a splint to keep the limb from moving. Keep the victim lying down and as still as possible until help arrives.

What not to do

In the event of a snake bite, there are several common mistakes that can do more harm than good:

• Do not attempt to suck out the venom or cut the bite area—these methods are ineffective and can make matters worse due to an increase in infection risk.

• Do not use a tourniquet, as this can restrict blood flow and cause severe tissue damage.

• Do not wash the bite site. Medical personnel may need residue from the venom on the skin to identify the type of snake involved.

• Avoid giving the victim food, drink, or alcohol, as these can worsen symptoms or interfere with treatment.

How to prevent snake bites in the bush

Prevention is always better than cure, especially in the bush. To avoid snake bites:

• Wear long pants, boots, and thick socks when hiking.

• Stick to clearly marked trails, avoiding tall grass and piles of leaves where snakes might be hiding.

• Be mindful of where you place your hands and feet—many bites happen when people accidentally disturb a resting snake.

• Carry a torch if walking at night, and keep tents and camping areas clear of food that might attract small prey animals, which in turn attract snakes.

• If you see a snake, give it space. Most snakes will move away if left undisturbed.

Don’t head into the bush unprepared

A snake bite in the bush is a serious medical emergency, but knowing how to respond can make all the difference.With the right knowledge, you can make the bush a safer place to explore. Be sure to equip yourself with a reliable snake bite first aid kit before heading out on any bush adventure—it could save your life. Be sure to check out our snake bite first aid kits to be fully prepared for bush adventures.If you’d like more details on our products or want to discuss your specific needs, please reach out to our team here at LFA First Response. We’re ready to help you stay safe, prepared, and confident in any emergency situation.