Infections can easily be passed from person to person during first aid and medical procedures. Knowing how to prevent cross infection in first aid can protect first responders and improve outcomes for the patient.
In this guide, we discuss how to prevent cross infection in first aid, the risks and complications and essential equipment for infection control.
What is cross infection?
Cross infection (also called cross transmission) is the transfer of infection from one person to another. It can happen in a direct way, for example touching another person or handling body fluids. Or it can occur in an indirect way, such as touching an infected surface or piece of equipment.
Respiratory infections such as COVID-19 are often spread through droplets from a person’s mouth or nose. A person may become infected by touching an infected surface and then touching their own face.
What causes cross infection?
Infections can be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites.
These harmful microorganisms can be transmitted to a person in many ways. In a first aid setting, cross infection may occur by using contaminated dressings, coughing or breathing near the patient or touching the patient with contaminated hands.
First aid providers are at risk of cross infection too. Transmission of infectious diseases can occur when handling body fluids, treating wounds and touching an individual, especially on the nose, eyes, mouth and hands.
Risks and complications of cross infection
Infections can have serious health consequences and may even be life threatening for some people. The exact symptoms and complications someone might experience depends on the type of infection and any underlying health conditions they might have.
Untreated infections may lead to:
- Diarrhoea
- Pneumonia
- Sepsis
- Meningitis
- Organ failure
- Death
Infections can also complicate the healing process for patients with existing injuries or health conditions. It’s important to know how to spot the signs and symptoms of infection so a patient can receive medical help fast.
How to prevent cross infection in first aid
Using personal protective equipment (PPE), such as face masks and disposable gloves, can help protect patients and first aid officers from infection. Other standard precautions include treating all body fluids as potentially infectious and safe disposal of needles and syringes.
More information on how to prevent cross infection in first aid is explained below.
Hand hygiene
Good hand hygiene is one of the best ways to protect from cross infection. Hand washing with soap is a highly effective way to remove germs from the hands.
Aerocleanse anti-bacterial hand gel or another alcohol-based hand rub may also be appropriate in the absence of hand washing facilities. Hand sanitiser is not effective if your hands are visibly dirty. Alcohol-based hand rub should contain at least 60% alcohol content to be effective.
Disposable gloves
Nitrile Gloves reduce the risk of contamination when handling blood and other body fluids. They also reduce the spread of germs from patient to first aid officer and vice versa.
Before and after wearing protective gloves, you should perform hand washing or hand rubbing. Gloves should not be used if they have holes or are damaged. Old gloves may not be sterile anymore, so ensuring your first aid kit is up to date is essential.
Face masks
Face masks are an important element of personal protective equipment. When worn properly, they can help prevent the spread of air-borne viruses such as COVID-19, influenza and measles.
Disposable Surgical Masks are ideal for first aid situations. Additional eye protection or a face mask may be preferable in certain situations.
Antiseptic agents
Antiseptic Wipes and Antiseptic Liquid can be used to sterilise skin to prevent the spread of bacteria. Antiseptics are often used to clean wounds, sterilise surrounding skin or prepare the skin for certain procedures.
Antiseptic products are designed for use on human tissue. For cleaning surfaces and reusable equipment, disinfectants should be used.
Find out more: Antiseptics vs disinfectants.
Sterile dressings
Proper wound care is important for healing and can help reduce the risk of infection. However, cross infection can occur when dressing a wound. Follow these practices to reduce the risk:
- Wash hands before and after if possible
- Use sterile gloves
- Don’t touch the wound directly, unless it’s required for cleaning purposes
- Use the appropriate dressing for the type of wound
- Ensure the dressing covers the wound entirely, extending beyond the edges of the wound
- Never touch the part of the dressing which will come in contact with the wound.
Safe disposal of clinical waste
Any items that have come into contact with body fluids need to be disposed of safely to prevent the spread of infection. That includes bloody wound dressings, used medical gloves and contaminated sharps.
First Aid supplies for infection control
When an unexpected first aid emergency occurs, it’s crucial to have the right equipment on hand. Knowing how to prevent cross infection in first aid can improve outcomes for the patient.
Whether the situation can be handled on the spot or requires further medical help, having up to date first aid supplies ensures you can deliver safe and effective first aid care.
LFA First Response stocks a wide range of First Aid and Medical Supplies to assist with infection prevention and infection control. Our products are ideal for workplaces, schools and health care settings.
Place an order online or contact our friendly customer service team on 1800 681 544 to discuss your needs.
